uk anti-ship missiles

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The Sea Skua is a British lightweight short-range air-to-surface missile (ASM) designed for use from helicopters to attack ships. Primarily used by the Royal Navy on the Westland Lynx. The Royal Navy withdrew the missile from active use in 2017. The missile is intended for helicopter use, but Kuwait uses it in shore batteries and on their Umm Al Maradem (Combattante BR-42) fast attack craft.

Uk Anti-ship Missiles

The Sea Skua ultimately traces its history to the post-war era. Concerns about the threat from aircraft increased, especially after the advent of aerial bombs during the war, and the Royal Navy came to believe that all ships needed some form of surface-to-air missile (SAM). These systems were relatively large, especially in the pre-vertical launch era, and it was difficult to mount a serviceable SAM and a conventional gun on small ships. As the Navy's mission changed from focusing entirely on fighting the Soviet Union to projecting power around the world, the gun was considered vital.

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This led to a series of tests to produce two missiles that can be used both against air and against ships. The original Navy guided missiles, the Seaslug and Seacat, both have secondary anti-shipping roles. The Seaslug is a large system and can only be carried by large ships, while the Seacat can fit on any ship, but has a range and a smaller warhead. The goal of replacing weapons was not met. In October 1960, the Navy decided to develop a single gun and bomber that could be mounted on a 3,000-ton frigate. The project was launched with the goal of being able to attack anti-ship missiles and other ships up to the size of a frigate. This led to the small ship becoming a guided weapon, and eventually to the Sea Dart. This system proved too large for the smallest ships and still did not meet the requirements.

The sinking of the Eliat in 1967 led to the realization that small fast attack boats were a serious and immediate threat. We need a weapon that can destroy these missiles before they come within range of their launch. The Seacat is nowhere near the distance required; Sea Dart does not fit most RN ships. A new conventional missile would be the target for the role, but it would have to be roughly the same size as the one it was targeting. It would take up a lot of space on a ship loaded with many other weapon systems.

The original idea of ​​having a dual purpose weapon was abandoned and the whole concept was re-examined and the decision was made to launch the weapon from helicopters. This allows for both the necessary range and warhead size in a small weapon. The missile will be carried by the new Westland Lynx and targets will be detected by their Seaspray radar. No need to throw a long shot; Helicopters must be sufficiently out of range of any anti-aircraft weapons that boats can carry. The addition of the Racal "Orange Crop" ECM suite to the helicopter further enhances its combat effectiveness, allowing the helicopter to track ships with radar and approach them until they turn on their Seaspray. The last moment.

The British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) began construction in May 1972. The British government approved its production in October 1975. At the time, the missile was known as the CL.834. The first launch took place in November 1979 at Aberporth Range in Cardigan Bay. Three surface-to-air missiles and three helicopters were fired. Further tests were carried out and in July 1981 full production orders were placed for the new missile, now called the Sea Skua.

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A missile weighing only 320 pounds (150 kg) at launch, the Lynx helicopter can carry up to four on each wing pylon. The booster was a Royal Ordnance (now Roxel UK) "Redstart" steel chassis. The supplier is the Royal Ordnance "Matapan" alloy chassis. The missile can travel up to 15.5 miles (24.9 km) at supersonic speeds. Although the official distance is declared as 15 km, it is greatly exceeded. The missile has two sensors: a semi-active radar targeting system from Marconi Defense Systems and a Thomson-TRT AHV-7 radar altimeter (built under license by British Aerospace Defense Systems);

It can be set to travel to one of four pre-selected heights depending on surface conditions. Near the target, the missile climbs to a height where it can "acquire" the target. The launch helicopter illuminates the target with its radar (originally a specially developed Ferranti Seaspray, in the case of the Lynx) and the missile's warhead is located by reflective energy. Upon impact, the 28 kg high-explosive fragmentation warhead penetrated the ship's hull before detonating. A Semi Armor Piercing (SAP) warhead is also present. It contains RDX, Contains 9 kg (20 lb) aluminum and wax. The ignition tube is an impact-delayed model.

The illuminated radar on Lynx helicopters weighs 64 kg (141 lb); Weight 64 kg (141 lb); power 90 kW; Two modes (three on the updated model) and a 90° field of view. Seaspray Mk. 3 has a rotating antenna with a 360° field of view. It can work in the under scanning (TWS) mode. The missile flight ends after 75 to 125 seconds, during which time the helicopter can fly up to 80 degrees from the missile's trajectory.

In addition to serving Great Britain; Sea Skua in Germany (it will be replaced from 2012 onwards); India Exports to Kuwait and Turkey. It generally has the same performance as two similar competitors, the French AS 15 TT missile, but is generally preferred. The AS-15TT's guidance is radio-command, and unlike the more modest British missiles, it requires an Agrion 15 radar. The Sea Skua's success in active service and its adoption by the Royal Navy has made it a significant success in the international market.

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Sea Skuas were launched eight times during the Falklands War; Sometimes in very bad weather very high strike rates were achieved. Four were deployed to the 800-tonne patrol/rescue boat ARA Alférez Sobral, which was fired upon by two Lynx helicopters from HMS Coventry and HMS Glasgow. Two hit a patrol boat on the dock, one hit the ship's fiberglass towbar and one overturned the ship. Although extensive damage was caused and eight crew members (including the captain) were killed, the ship did not sink and returned to Puerto Deseado. Another four Sea Skuas were used to destroy the wrecks of the cargo ship Río Carcarañá (8,500 gt) and the patrol vessel Río Iguazú.

During the Gulf War, six Navy Lynx helicopters were deployed to the Gulf along with four Royal Navy frigates and four destroyers. On 24 January 1991, Lynx sank two Iraqi minesweepers near Qurah Island. A third was suppressed.

On January 29, 1991, a major engagement took place. 17 Iraqi landing craft and fast attack craft and minesweepers were monitored and seen moving south near Failaka Island as part of the Iraqi attack on Khafji. Two Sea Skuas were sunk by fire from four Lynx helicopters. The remaining ships were destroyed by US-based aircraft carriers and Royal Navy Sea King helicopters. destroyed or dispersed.

The next day three Polnocny-class landing craft; Three TNC-45 fast attack craft (taken from Iraq by the Kuwaiti Navy) and a single T-43 minesweeper were spotted in the same area. The Sea Skuas destroyed three fast attack craft launched by four Lynx helicopters, and also destroyed a minesweeper and a landing craft. The landing craft were later destroyed by RAF Jaguars.

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During several negotiations in February, Sea Skuas and Lynxes, a Zhuk-class patrol boat; A salvage ship and another landing craft of the Polnocny class were destroyed, and another Zhuk patrol ship was damaged.

The Sea Skua entered service with the Royal Malaysian Navy as part of a package for the purchase of six AgustaWestland Sea Lynx 300 helicopters. The missiles are believed to cost about 104 million ringgit.

On 16 March 2006, the Royal Malaysian Navy tested the Sea Skua missile as part of a contract firing exercise. The missile was fired from a 40-meter ground target at a distance of eight miles. The Sea Skua failed to hit its target and did not explode. The failure is believed to have been traced to a faulty connecting wire that ignited the rocket motor. The missile fell into the sea and was never recovered. The Royal Malaysian Navy ordered Matra Bae Dynamics (MBDA) to perform system checks and retest the missiles.

On 12 February 2008, the Royal Malaysian Navy conducted a second successful launch. The missile was fired from maximum range and hit the surface.

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